The Rise of Medicinal Cannabis: Understanding Its Use and Regulations

The recent death of a man with mental health issues who was prescribed medicinal cannabis by an online clinic has raised significant concerns about the burgeoning cannabis industry in Australia. Since its legalization for medical use in New South Wales in 2016, over a million Australians have received cannabis prescriptions, reflecting a major shift in the approach to treatment options available for various health conditions.

Medicinal Cannabis: What Can It Treat?

According to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), only two cannabis products have received official approval for specific medical conditions. One is used to address muscle rigidity related to multiple sclerosis, while the other is designed to help manage symptoms of a rare form of childhood epilepsy. All other cannabis products are considered “unapproved” medicines, meaning they haven’t gone through the rigorous TGA evaluation for efficacy, safety, and quality.

Doctors can become authorized prescribers or seek approval to import and supply cannabis products on behalf of their patients through a special access scheme. Additionally, they must obtain permission from their respective state or territory government for dispensing these medications.

Common Reasons for Prescription

Patients often seek medicinal cannabis for a range of conditions, including chronic pain, anxiety, and difficulties with sleep. Although some studies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in clinical trials, the TGA has yet to approve any products specifically for these uses. Professor Nick Lintzeris, an addiction medicine specialist at the University of Sydney, notes that since there’s no exhaustive list of approved or unapproved conditions, the discretion ultimately lies with the prescribing physician.

Decoding THC and Its Effects

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component in the cannabis plant, responsible for the effects commonly associated with being “stoned,” such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and increased appetite, as well as occasional hallucinations. While THC can have analgesic (pain-relieving) and anti-inflammatory properties, its impact on mental health can vary. While some individuals may experience increased anxiety, for many, it has a calming effect. However, it is also capable of leading to dependency.

Understanding CBD: A Non-Psychoactive Alternative

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the second most prominent compound found in cannabis. Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive and is not associated with addiction or withdrawal. It offers a range of benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to moderate anxiety and psychotic symptoms. Interestingly, traditional cannabis strains often feature a balanced ratio of THC to CBD, typically around 1:1 or 2:1.

Mental Health Risks Associated with Cannabis Use

Though the risks are relatively low, recreational cannabis use—especially among adolescents and young adults—has been linked to a higher likelihood of developing psychosis. Research indicates that high-potency THC products, more commonly available since legalization, may elevate these risks. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) expresses concern that individuals with a history of psychotic disorders may not be thoroughly screened before gaining access to high-potency cannabis via online clinics.

Driving Under a Cannabis Prescription

In Australia, it remains illegal to drive with THC present in the system across all states and territories. Tasmania is the only region where a medical defense can be presented for illicit drugs prescribed by a physician, including THC products. Meanwhile, patients receiving CBD-only medications should be cautious, as these can still lead to side effects such as drowsiness and fatigue, potentially impairing driving ability.

Accessing a Medicinal Cannabis Prescription: What to Expect

The ease of obtaining a medicinal cannabis prescription largely depends on the prescriber. While some general practitioners may be hesitant to issue cannabis prescriptions, many patients report successfully accessing their prescriptions through online clinics. Patients are often misled to think they must provide a compelling reason for treatment; however, what’s most crucial is ensuring that their doctor is aware of their complete medical history. It’s also vital to remember that lying to a physician about health conditions to acquire a Schedule A drug is a criminal offense.

Conclusion

The conversation around medicinal cannabis reflects broader societal changes toward drug use and treatment methodologies. As awareness grows and the regulatory landscape evolves, it will be essential for patients and healthcare providers to navigate the complexities of cannabis prescriptions with caution and informed judgment.